The system contains ion exchange resins for ion exchange. These resins are insoluble, granular polymers suitable for the specific application. Their molecular structure contains loosely bound positive cations or negative anions. These ions exchange with the ions in the treated water as it flows through the system.
 A cation resin containing sodium (Na+) is used to soften water. The calcium and magnesium ions that cause water hardness, leading to limescale deposits, are exchanged for the sodium ions in the resin. The resin forms a stronger bond with Ca2+ and Mg2+ than with Na+. Once most of the ions in the resin have been replaced, the resin is exhausted and a regeneration cycle is initiated. Regeneration with brine removes Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the exhausted resin.
 Demineralization of water essentially involves removing all dissolved ions. To achieve this, the water flows through a cation exchange resin containing H+ ions to exchange all cations, and through an anion exchange resin containing OH- ions to exchange all anions. The H+ and OH- ions then combine to form pure water. For regeneration, the cation exchange resin is treated with an acid, and the anion exchange resin is regenerated with a strong alkali. The cation and anion exchange resins can be in separate containers or combined in a single container (mixed-bed design). Ion exchange systems are often used as the first step in a more complex water treatment system.


 
 Standard version entirely in stainless steel
 
 Mixed-bed design available on request for water demineralization
 
 Customized modular design with standard PLC
 
 Frame-mounted for easy installation and commissioning
 
 Hygienic design and full CIP/SIP capability
 
 In accordance with applicable guidelines (e.g. cGMP, FDA, GAMP, ISPE)
 
 Fully qualified (DQ, IQ, OQ) if desired